Differences in pregnancy outcomes 'unfair'

Health improvement experts at Fuse and Public Health Wales have highlighted unfair differences in pregnancy outcomes and the critical role that maternity services can play in identifying and adapting approaches for those parents in higher risk groups.  

The research looked at 35 studies and over 17 million pregnancies in the UK and Republic of Ireland and shows that people in lower paid occupations have a 40 per cent increased chance of having a pregnancy resulting in the baby dying, being born too early or being born with a low birth weight, in comparison with people in higher paid occupations. 

Dr Nicola Heslehurst, Co-lead of the Fuse Early Life and Adolescence Programme and Senior Lecturer in Maternal Nutrition at Newcastle University, said: “Preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes is an essential step in breaking the cycle of inter-generational inequalities.  

“This evidence shows us the importance of individual and household-level deprivation and the need for public health and maternity interventions and policies to support families with socio-economic inequalities.”   

Amy McNaughton, Consultant in Public Health at Public Health Wales, said: “We know that healthy pregnancies matter:  not just for a safe and healthy birth but also to help give children better health, wellbeing and life chances as they grow up. 

“Exclusively targeting the most disadvantaged won’t reduce inequalities. To effectively reduce inequalities, we need great universal services that are able to identify families at higher risk and provide the additional support they need. 

“Maternity health professionals, especially midwives, already do a fantastic job at supporting parents through their pregnancies and are the ones that get to know them and their needs best. 

“This puts them in the perfect position to be able to identify at the earliest stage families that may need additional support, and consider how usual care could be adapted to better meet the needs of these families so they can be more involved in decisions about their care.” 

Key findings from the research:

• There is a clear link between employment and pregnancy outcomes. It influences pregnancy outcomes in a number of ways – physical environment, effort and stress, income, time, access to services and support networks. 

• The type of employment people have is in turn influenced by their education and social background.  

• Disadvantaged families are more likely than better off families to have problems during pregnancy and birth.  

• Better data is needed to understand in more detail how other types of disadvantage including education, health and housing influence pregnancy outcomes. 

• Behaviour is influenced by wider factors - many of them outside the direct control of the individual. 

Sue Tranka, Chief Nursing Officer and Nurse Director NHS Wales, said: “This important partnership work between PHW and Fuse highlights the need to incorporate approaches in maternity care that address wider determinants of health, to provide women and families with the best chances of having a healthy pregnancy and baby and to decrease pregnancy-related health inequalities in the general population.

"Wales is committed to ensuring that inequalities in health are understood, working together to ensure better, equal outcomes for all families. This underpins the work already underway with the future maternity Vision, the Maternity and neonatal support programme, future workforce planning and digital maternity Cymru to provide services, systems and data which deliver the best outcomes for families.” 

 ‘A fair start in life: What drives inequalities in pregnancy outcomes?’ is the first of a series of work that aims to increase optimal pregnancy outcomes.

Infographic: What drives inequalities in pregnancy outcomes (English and Welsh language versions)

Podcast: Fuse: Health Inequalities in Pregnancy with Dr Nicola Heslehurst and Amy McNaughton

Policy brief: How do socioeconomic inequalities affect health in pregnancy?

Research paper: Socioeconomic inequalities and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the UK and Republic of Ireland: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Case study: How do socioeconomic inequalities affect health in pregnancy?

Last modified: Thu, 06 Oct 2022 10:56:28 BST